Information for that section of DNA into a protein which is And as we'll see, the way that a gene is expressed, the way we get from the And genes could be anywhere from several thousand base pairs long, all the way up into the millions. Over here could be one gene, it might define information for one gene, it could define a protein, this section right over here could be used to define another gene. Let's say in orange I'll do it, this part in orange right So for example this could be, this whole thing could be a strand of DNA, but this part right over,
#How to transcribe dna to rna code
Or actually used to code forĪ certain type of protein. And when you're talking about a gene, you're talking about a section of DNA that's used to express a certain trait. Given a broader structure, then you're talking about a chromosome. With other molecules and proteins and kind of Now when you have a DNA molecule and it's packaged together So when you're talking about DNA you're talking literallyĪbout this molecule here that has this sugar phosphate base and it has the sequence of base pairs, it's got this double helix structure, and so this whole thing thisĬould be a DNA molecule. And actually that warrantsĪ little bit of a detour because you hear sometimes the words DNA and chromosome and gene used somewhat interchangeably, and they are clearly related, but it's worth knowing what is what. If that information can't be "used to define the organism in some way "to express what's actually happening." And so let's think about how the genes in this DNA moleculeĪre actually expressed. Probably thinking about, "Okay, well it's nice to beĪble to replicate yourself "but that's kind of useless Kind of conceptual level of how replication is done before a cell divides and replicates, and the entire cell duplicates itself. Of each of this ladder, and then you can use it toĬonstruct the other half, and what you've essentially done is you've replicated the actual DNA. Thymine pairs with adenine, so thymine, adenine. So we have an adenine and thymine, adenine and thymine, adenine and thymine. So using the original right hand side, once again the T is paired with the A, let me do that in adenine's color. And we can do the same thing here using the original right hand side. So maybe I'll do the new sugar phosphate backbone in yellow. And just like that I was able to construct a new right hand side Thymine pairs with adenine, guanine pairs with cytosine, cytosine pairs with guanine, falling a little bit down here. Thymine pairs with adenine Let me do that a little bit neater. Looking at as the left side, you can then construct another right side based on this information. Alright, so from this side, from this left side, or at least what we are It's a new tool I'm using, so let me make sure I'm doing it right. So let me get my pen tool out now, let me deselect this, And then you would have two strands, two identical strands of the DNA. Them two sides of the ladder, that either side could be used You were to split these, these things you could call And then I copy and then I paste, and it's just like that.
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And then there we go, a little bit of it isĭropping below the video but I think that serves the purpose. So let me copy and paste, so if I take that side right over there, so let me copy and then paste it. Two sides of the ladder, and actually let's do that. And replication, you can imagine taking either splitting these The different processes next to each other. Introduction video as well, but it's nice to see So how does DNA replicate? And this process is called replication. As a cell divides, the two new cells would want to have the same genetic material. Or we would need to beĪble to replicate it. Molecular basis of heredity would need to do. So once again it mightīe part of a molecule that has not seven or eight base pairs, but might have 70 million base pairs. Very, very small section, let me do this in a different color, this little section right over here, zoomed in. So for example this might be a section of a much longer molecule, so the much longer strand of DNA, and even there I'm probably And just to be clear,Īnd we talked about this in the introductory video to DNA, DNA is much more than, you So right over here thisĬould be a fragment of DNA, I have, what, I have- This is eight base pairs depicted. Really just give you theĬonceptual idea of what happens. On a conceptual level, I'm not gonna go into all of the, I guess you could say biochemical details.
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And what we wanna do in this video is get a better appreciationįor why it is suitable, and the mechanism by which it is the molecular basis for heredity. Talked about how DNA's structure as this double helix, this twisted ladder, makes it suitable for being the